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NEW QUESTION # 124
What considers all aspects of the security operation on a continuing basis?
- A. Security Vulnerability
- B. Data-security Act
- C. Inspection criterion
- D. Operational Audit
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 125
With regard to the overall life of a lamp, the best lighting option for the parking area of a retail shopping center would be:
- A. Low-pressure sodium
- B. High-pressure sodium
- C. Halogen
- D. Metal halide
Answer: B
Explanation:
High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are ideal for parking lots and large outdoor areas because they offer long service life, energy efficiency, and good visibility, even in adverse weather. Their slightly yellowish hue is acceptable for general surveillance and area illumination.
A (Metal halide) has better color rendering but shorter life.
B (Low-pressure sodium) has poor color rendering.
C (Halogen) is less efficient and has a shorter lifespan.
References:
PSP Study Guide - Outdoor Lighting Technologies
POA Manual - Lighting Types and Suitability
NEW QUESTION # 126
The concept that accepts the fact that the plaintiff may have contributed to his or her own injury, such as being in a restricted area or creating a disturbance or some hazard is known as:
- A. None of the above
- B. Defensive control
- C. Comparative fault
- D. Control tactics
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 127
Which of the following is the type of comparative negligence statute?
- A. Pure approach
- B. 51 percent rule
- C. All of the above
- D. 50/50 rule
Answer: C
Explanation:
The three types of comparative negligence statutes include:
Pure approach (A): The plaintiff's compensation is reduced by their percentage of fault, no matter how high.
50/50 rule (B): The plaintiff can recover damages only if their fault is 50% or less.
51 percent rule (C): The plaintiff can recover only if they are less than 51% at fault.
All three are valid comparative negligence models used in different jurisdictions.
References:
ASIS International - Comparative Negligence in Civil Litigation
PSP Study Guide - Legal Liability and Risk Transfer
NEW QUESTION # 128
Which of the following is the BEST method of implementing risk management?
- A. Investing solely in loss-prevention techniques
- B. Making an efficient before-the-loss arrangement
- C. Following calculated-risk theory
- D. Making the most efficient after-the-loss arrangement
Answer: B
Explanation:
The most effective approach to risk management emphasizes proactive measures taken before a loss occurs.
Implementing an efficient before-the-loss arrangement involves:
* Identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities
* Prioritizing assets and exposures
* Designing protective measures and contingency plans
* Allocating resources to minimize potential operational, financial, and safety impacts Reactive measures, such as arranging after-the-loss recovery or focusing exclusively on loss-prevention techniques, do not comprehensively address risk and may leave organizations exposed. Calculated-risk theory provides a framework for decision-making but must be applied within a before-the-loss strategy to optimize mitigation and resource allocation.
This aligns with ASIS PSP guidance, which underscores the importance of anticipating risks and implementing protective measures in advance rather than relying primarily on post-loss actions.
NEW QUESTION # 129
A civil action based on the principle that one individual can expect certain behavior from another individual is known as:
- A. Procurement
- B. Transitivity
- C. Tort
- D. Reassembly
Answer: C
Explanation:
A tort is a civil wrong for which a remedy may be obtained in the form of damages. It is based on the idea that individuals owe certain duties to others and can be held liable when they breach those duties, resulting in harm or injury.
Transitivity (A), Reassembly (C), and Procurement (D) are not related to civil legal liability.
References:
ASIS International - Civil Law and Torts
PSP Study Guide - Legal Principles of Civil Liability
NEW QUESTION # 130
When exterior lighting is employed, an initial survey is conducted at lighting installation, and then
- A. monthly.
- B. semi-annually.
- C. weekly.
- D. annually.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. annually.
In the ASIS PSP Body of Knowledge, lighting is specifically included as an environmental factor that impacts physical security assessment and as a structural security countermeasure. PSP also covers inspection techniques, maintenance of systems and hardware, and ongoing evaluation throughout the security system life cycle.
Exterior security lighting must be evaluated after installation to confirm that the lighting levels, coverage, shadows, glare, blind spots, and protected areas meet the intended security objective. After the initial installation survey, the lighting system should be reviewed annually to ensure it still provides effective illumination and has not been affected by lamp deterioration, damaged fixtures, vegetation growth, changed site conditions, or maintenance issues.
Security lighting guidance also supports an annual security lighting survey, especially when lighting is part of the facility's protective security program. APTA's security lighting recommended practice states that a security lighting survey should be performed on an annual basis or when the built environment changes.
Weekly or monthly checks may be useful for routine maintenance, damaged lamps, or outages, but the formal lighting survey after installation is normally conducted annually.
Therefore, the best answer is D. annually.
NEW QUESTION # 131
Which alarm warn of a process reaching a dangerous temperature, of the presence of toxic fumes, or that a machine is running too fast?
- A. Special-use alarm
- B. Intrusion alarms
- C. Protection alarm
- D. Burglar alarm
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 132
A security manager performing a site survey using crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) techniques would MOST likely recommend:
- A. Planting trees for boundary control
- B. Installing video cameras for increased surveillance
- C. Installing revolving doors for entry control
- D. Constructing a brick wall as a barrier
Answer: B
Explanation:
Although CPTED focuses heavily on natural surveillance, incorporating mechanical or electronic means such as video cameras enhances visibility and monitoring. Surveillance deters criminal behavior and increases the chance of detection.
B (Brick wall) may obstruct visibility.
C (Planting trees) could obscure lines of sight.
D (Revolving doors) relate more to access control than CPTED surveillance goals.
References:
PSP Study Guide - CPTED Principles and Applications
POA Manual - Environmental Design Strategies in Security
NEW QUESTION # 133
Information contained in buffers or random access memory is kept until the space is written over on the machine is turned off is known as:
- A. Search memory
- B. Awaiting memory
- C. Scavenging memory
- D. Random memory
Answer: C
Explanation:
Scavenging refers to the process of retrieving residual data from system memory (such as RAM) or buffers.
This data remains until it is overwritten or the system is powered off. Scavenging can be used by attackers to recover sensitive information such as passwords or encryption keys.
Random memory (A) is not a valid term.
Awaiting memory (C) and Search memory (D) are not industry terms.
References:
PSP Study Guide - Data Residual Risks and Memory Protection
ASIS POA Manual - Computer Security and Data Disposal
NEW QUESTION # 134
The bus transportation system, represented by the American Bus Association has established an American Action Plan designed to improve safety and safety for bus operations. The goals of this plan are all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. To promote security vigilance among operators through training and partnership with law enforcement agencies
- B. To preserve the bus industry as a strategic transportation reserve
- C. To assist companies in developing infrastructures
- D. To protect the transportation infrastructure
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 135
Which of the following are the four types of lock-down systems?
- A. locks, plates, cables and alarms
- B. cages, padlock, cables and alarms
- C. cages, plates, bolts and alarms
- D. cages, plates, cables and alarms
Answer: D
Explanation:
The four common types of physical lock-down systems for protecting hardware, especially in IT environments, include:
Cages: Enclosures for servers or critical equipment.
Plates: Lock-down plates secured to desks or floors.
Cables: Security cables to tether devices.
Alarms: Motion or tamper-detection systems.
These measures are used to deter theft and unauthorized physical access.
References:
PSP Study Guide - Physical Security of Information Systems
ASIS POA Manual - Equipment Protection Systems
NEW QUESTION # 136
Communism has common property and radical Islam has sharing property
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: B
Explanation:
Communism promotes state or collective ownership of property as a political and economic ideology. Radical Islam, while it may advocate for community-oriented economic practices (e.g., zakat, or almsgiving), does not follow the same foundational principles of property ownership as communism. The idea of " sharing property
" in radical Islam is not analogous to " common property " in communism.
References:
ASIS International, POA, Chapter: Ideological Terrorism
Academic texts on comparative political ideologies and religious extremism
NEW QUESTION # 137
Lux is defined as a/an:
- A. Luminare
- B. Electric arc along the length of a tube
- C. Measure of light on a surface
- D. Measurement of illumination
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
Lux is the SI unit of illuminance and is used to measure the amount of light that falls on a surface. It quantifies how much luminous flux is spread over a given area. One lux equals one lumen per square meter. It is critical in physical security when designing lighting for surveillance, perimeter control, or safety.
A is too general.
C (Luminare) refers to a complete lighting unit.
D refers to fluorescent tube operation, not illumination measurement.
References:
PSP Study Guide - Lighting Systems Design
POA Manual - Chapter on Lighting Principles and Applications
NEW QUESTION # 138
Testing designed to determine whether a system is functional, has adequate sensitivity, and meets design and performance objectives accurately describes which of the following?
- A. Site acceptance testing
- B. Reliability performance testing
- C. Equipment performance testing
- D. Factory acceptance testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Equipment performance testing.
In PSP physical security implementation, testing is used to verify that installed security equipment and systems actually perform according to required functional and performance objectives. The ASIS PSP Body of Knowledge includes functional requirements, performance requirements, success metrics, commissioning, and final acceptance testing as part of physical security system design and implementation.
Equipment performance testing is the specific type of testing used to determine whether equipment or a system is functional, has adequate sensitivity, and meets its design and performance objectives. This matches the wording of the question directly. Physical security testing guidance also describes security system performance testing as determining whether security equipment is functional, has adequate sensitivity, and meets design and performance objectives under operating conditions.
The other options are not the best answer:
A). Factory acceptance testing is normally conducted before delivery or installation to verify equipment at the factory or vendor stage.
B). Reliability performance testing focuses more on dependability, availability, or continued operation over time.
D). Site acceptance testing verifies the installed system at the actual site, but the wording about functionality, sensitivity, and design/performance objectives specifically describes equipment performance testing.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. Equipment performance testing.
NEW QUESTION # 139
_______________ of risk involves planning for an eventual loss without benefit of insurance.
- A. locking
- B. Self-assumption
- C. Transfer
- D. Planning
Answer: B
Explanation:
Self-assumption of risk means the organization accepts the financial responsibility for certain risks without transferring them to an insurer. This may involve setting aside internal reserves or using other contingency planning methods to absorb potential losses.
References from PSP: ASIS POA - Risk Financing Techniques; PSP Guide - Self-Insured Risk Models
NEW QUESTION # 140
The amount of force may be equal to, but not greater than, the force is being used against them, this phenomenon is called:
- A. Self-defense
- B. Security
- C. Protection
- D. Precautions
Answer: A
Explanation:
Self-defense is a legal doctrine that allows a person to use reasonable force to protect themselves from harm.
The force used must be proportionate to the threat faced-equal to but not exceeding the level of force used against them.
Security (A) and Protection (B) are broader terms.
Precautions (D) are preventive measures, not reactive force.
References:
ASIS POA Manual - Use of Force Policies
PSP Study Guide - Legal Use of Force and Self-Defense
NEW QUESTION # 141
What is an operational method in which the very act of the attack is dependent upon the death of the perpetrator?
- A. Suicide attack
- B. Time bomb attack
- C. Terrorist attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
A suicide attack is a tactic where the attacker intentionally sacrifices their life to ensure the success of the mission. This is seen in tactics such as suicide bombings or vehicle-borne IEDs. It is used to maximize impact, instill fear, and often guarantees media attention.
References:
ASIS POA Manual, Chapter: Terrorism Tactics and Trends
Global Terrorism Database
ASIS PSP Guide, Domain 1: Threat Assessmen
NEW QUESTION # 142
All projects have which of the following four stages?
- A. Feasibility, design, execution, and closeout
- B. Feasibility, development, execution, and closeout
- C. Feasibility, development, execution, and completion
- D. Feasibility, development, examination, and closeout
Answer: A
Explanation:
The standard life cycle of a security project includes:
Feasibility - Determine whether the project should proceed.
Design - Develop system specifications and plans.
Execution - Install and implement the system.
Closeout - Finalize and evaluate project completion, transfer documentation, and training.
A, B, and D include non-standard or loosely defined stages.
References:
PSP Study Guide - Project Lifecycle and Management
POA Manual - Security Project Implementation Phases
NEW QUESTION # 143
A good risk management program involves:
- A. Identify risks or specific vulnerabilities
- B. Study of security programs
- C. All of the above
- D. Analyze and study risks, including likelihood and degree of danger of an event
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 144
Nechaev defined _____________ as in which a man who is already lost, has broken all links with society and the world of civilization, with its laws and conventions, with its social etiquette and its moral code.
- A. Terrorism
- B. Consolation
- C. Transformation
- D. Revolution
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 145
Those who are delegated authority in the direct chain of command to accomplish specific organizational objectives are known as:
- A. Management
- B. Authorized directives
- C. Line executives
- D. Stockholders
Answer: C
Explanation:
Line executives are individuals in the direct chain of command who are responsible for achieving the core objectives of an organization. They have authority over subordinate personnel and direct responsibility for organizational results. They differ from staff personnel, who provide advice or support but do not directly manage line functions.
Management (A) is a broader term that includes both line and staff.
Authorized directives (B) are formal instructions, not people.
Stockholders (D) are owners, not organizational authorities.
References:
ASIS POA Manual - Organizational Structure and Authority
PSP Study Guide - Line vs. Staff Responsibilities
NEW QUESTION # 146
Which of the following is NOT included in the pass systems?
- A. Pass-exchange system
- B. Single pass system
- C. Multiple pass system
- D. Pass-control system
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 147
The primary advantages of using proprietary security are:
- A. Quality of personnel, control of forces, loyalty, and prestige
- B. Quality of personnel, administration requirements, and expertise
- C. Expertise, ability to discipline and reward, and cost
- D. Cost, loyalty, and control of guard forces
Answer: A
Explanation:
Proprietary (in-house) security often provides better control over personnel, consistency in training, greater loyalty, and better integration with the corporate culture. This can enhance overall performance and organizational prestige.
B, C, and D list some advantages but miss the full combination that best defines proprietary staffing benefits.
References:
PSP Study Guide - Security Personnel Models
POA Manual - Proprietary vs. Contract Security Comparison
NEW QUESTION # 148
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